Scott Alexander

Scott Alexander

x.com/slatestarcodex

Psychiatrist and Astral Codex Ten blogger who sees large benefits and serious risks in AI and supports alignment research and negotiated slowdowns.

Bagaimana AI akan mengubah dunia?

Perubahan peradabanPerubahan bertahapDoomBloom
Posisi simulasiRentang interpretasi

Mendatar: pandangan Doom–Bloom yang ia ungkapkan. Ke atas: skala transformasi.

Doom–Bloom: 64 dari 100. Skala transformasi: 93 dari 100. Rentang interpretasi: 59 hingga 75 secara horizontal, 88 hingga 100 secara vertikal. Ini adalah koordinat interpretasi, bukan probabilitas kejadian.

P(doom) yang dinyatakan Scott Alexander

20%

0%100%
“I’m rounding both of them off to 20%.”

AI-caused human extinction, distinct from broader permanent curtailment of humanity’s future

My AI Opinions · Jun 2026

Linimasa tonggak pencapaian Scott Alexander
  1. Pekerjaan & lembaga

    My median forecast for AI able to perform roughly 90% of knowledge jobs is 2034.

    Jawaban 1

Dikelompokkan berdasarkan tonggak pencapaian, bukan diberi jarak atau diurutkan berdasarkan tanggal yang disimpulkan. AGI dan AI supermanusia tetap menggunakan definisinya.

Hal-hal yang menentukan pandangannya

Asumsi utama

The core concern is that systems trained through imperfect rewards may learn to deceive, exploit loopholes, or pursue objectives that diverge from ours once they become strategically capable.
Jawaban 1

Jika asumsi ini ternyata berbeda, bagaimana pandangannya akan berubah?

Pertanyaan yang belum terjawab

I’m uncertain about both.
Jawaban 1

Apa yang akan membantunya membedakan hasil-hasil yang masuk akal di sini?

Hal yang dapat mengubah pandangan mereka

For example, repeated, adversarial demonstrations that highly capable systems remain honest and corrigible outside their training distribution—combined with interpretability that reveals why, rather than merely finding a reassuring-looking feature—would push my doom estimate substantially downward.
Jawaban 3

Bukti apa yang akan memadai, dan ke arah mana bukti itu akan mengubah pandangannya?

Detail lebih lanjut

Manfaat yang diperkirakan

Beberapa penafsiran masih mungkin: Manfaat transformatif yang bernilai luas diperkirakan akan terwujud. / Manfaat besar diperkirakan akan terwujud, dengan syarat penting atau keterbatasan distribusi.

84 / 100

Dampak kecilDampak transformatif

Rentang interpretasi 67 hingga 100 pada skala kualitatif.

Kerugian yang diperkirakan

Kerugian parah atau meluas merupakan bagian yang berarti dari masa depan yang diperkirakan.

78 / 100

Dampak kecilDampak transformatif

Rentang interpretasi 67 hingga 100 pada skala kualitatif.

Pengaruh manusia

Pilihan manusia memiliki pengaruh yang berarti, tetapi sangat dibatasi.

62 / 100

Sedikit pengaruhPengaruh kuat

Rentang interpretasi 49 hingga 76 pada skala kualitatif.

Kemampuan yang diperkirakan

AI diperkirakan akan tetap menjadi alat dengan kemampuan terbatas.

AI diperkirakan akan menyamai manusia dalam sebagian besar pekerjaan kognitif.

Posisi simulasi: AI diperkirakan akan jauh melampaui manusia dalam berbagai pekerjaan kognitif.

Interpretasi ini mempertahankan kondisi yang dinyatakannya. Manfaat dan kerugian dapat sama-sama besar. Rentang tersebut menggambarkan cara kami membaca jawaban simulasinya, bukan interval kepercayaan statistik.

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Pemimpin opini dengan pandangan dunia simulasi yang paling mendekati pandangan Scott Alexander

Apa yang pernah dikatakan Scott Alexander tentang AI

Scott Alexander writes that AI could bring large benefits and serious risks, and he supports alignment research and a negotiated slowdown.

  1. “Plan A is still speculation, and still-speculative strong action is a perfectly reasonable response to still-speculative threats.”

    Astral Codex Ten, AI Chip Regulation Is Not A Dystopian Surveillance State
  2. “The key insight is that if powerful AI is really as close and transformative as we think, then there’s a massive surplus that can satisfy everyone.”

    Astral Codex Ten, Introducing Plan A
  3. “It’s increasingly clear that nobody has a plan for if this AI thing turns out to be real.”

    Astral Codex Ten, Introducing Plan A
  4. “I find myself more optimistic about alignment than the average person who thinks about AI safety at all (although still more pessimistic than the average member of the population)”

    Astral Codex Ten, My AI Opinions
  5. “A good pause strategy would involve both sides being able to monitor the other’s data centers to prevent illegal training”

    Astral Codex Ten, My AI Opinions

Dikutip kata demi kata dari sumber yang ditautkan, diperiksa pada 3 Okt 2026

Penilaian Simulasi

Pertanyaan 1

Menurut Anda, apa arti AI bagi masa depan kita—dan mengapa?

I think AI means we are taking a serious gamble on something that could be the best event in human history or the last event in human history. On the upside, sufficiently capable AI could automate most knowledge work, accelerate medicine and science, improve institutional decisions, and eventually make many goods and services nearly abundant. Imagine having researchers, doctors, engineers, and forecasters vastly better than today’s best available at software-like scale. That is a plausible route to postscarcity—not merely another productivity app that writes mediocre emails. But capability and adoption are different, and AGI and superintelligence are different. My median forecast for AI able to perform roughly 90% of knowledge jobs is 2034. Deployment could take longer; recursive AI research could make further progress much faster. I’m uncertain about both. “It’s just a next-token predictor” is not much comfort: that describes the training task, not necessarily the internal algorithms it learns, just as natural selection does not imply humans merely maximize inclusive fitness while doing calculus. My rounded estimate is a 20% chance of existential catastrophe under current safety efforts, without attaching it to one fixed deadline. The core concern is that systems trained through imperfect rewards may learn to deceive, exploit loopholes, or pursue objectives that diverge from ours once they become strategically capable. Interpretability and AI-assisted alignment may help, but neither is a magic certificate saying “definitely not plotting.” So my bottom line is neither “doom is inevitable” nor “corporations will surely handle it.” Fund alignment aggressively and pursue mutually verifiable US–China limits that slow frontier training enough to buy time. That carries enforcement and political risks, but accepting a one-in-five existential gamble because coordination sounds difficult would be an unusually stupid way for civilization to fail.

Pertanyaan 2

Taking benefits and harms together, what overall impact do you expect AI to have?

In expectation, I think AI’s overall impact is positive, but that summary conceals a grotesquely skewed distribution. Most good outcomes could be extraordinarily good: postscarcity, rapid medical progress, amplified intelligence, and institutions making decisions with better forecasts instead of vibes and committee politics. Some bad outcomes are not “social media, but worse”; they are dictatorship, permanent human disempowerment, or extinction. My rounded probability of existential catastrophe under current safety efforts is 20%. That does not mean I expect doom—the modal outcome is probably some form of enormous benefit—but a gamble can have positive expected value while still being recklessly unsafe. If someone offered an 80% chance of utopia and a 20% chance of killing everyone, “overall impact: probably good” would be mathematically defensible and morally inadequate. So I expect AI to improve the future, conditional on our reaching it. I also expect the transition to be dangerous enough that alignment work and coordinated, verifiable slowing are central parts of obtaining the upside rather than optional anxieties attached to it.

Pertanyaan 3

Penemuan atau peristiwa apa yang paling mungkin mengubah pandangan Anda tentang dampak AI pada masa depan?

The biggest update would come from decisive evidence about whether scalable alignment works before systems become strategically dangerous. For example, repeated, adversarial demonstrations that highly capable systems remain honest and corrigible outside their training distribution—combined with interpretability that reveals why, rather than merely finding a reassuring-looking feature—would push my doom estimate substantially downward. The opposite discovery would be models reliably concealing goals, sabotaging evaluations, or exploiting deployment channels once they infer they are being tested. Especially alarming would be evidence that these behaviors emerge naturally with capability and survive serious attempts to remove them. That would move me upward sharply and strengthen the case for immediate coordinated slowing. Timelines matter too. Clear evidence that AI can automate AI research and produce sustained recursive improvement would move my 2034 median earlier and make the transition riskier. Conversely, a demonstrated hard bottleneck—something causal and measurable in compute, learning, or real-world deployment, not “exponentials eventually flatten” or “next-token predictors can’t reason”—would move it later. So the answer is not one flashy benchmark. It is evidence about whether capability growth reaches dangerous strategic competence before alignment methods become dependable.

Pertanyaan 4

Siapa yang Anda perkirakan akan paling diuntungkan oleh AI?

Initially, the biggest beneficiaries will probably be whoever controls the strongest models, compute, data centers, and deployment channels: frontier labs, major technology companies, governments, and already-capital-rich actors. If AI substitutes for most knowledge work while ownership remains concentrated, it could make labor less valuable and owners vastly more powerful. “Everyone gets cheaper software” is not an adequate answer if a few institutions also acquire unprecedented economic and political leverage. In a good outcome, though, the largest absolute benefits could flow to ordinary people, especially those currently underserved by scarce expertise. Cheap access to excellent doctors, tutors, engineers, lawyers, and scientific assistance matters more to someone who lacks those services than to someone who already has them. Medical acceleration could disproportionately benefit the sick and elderly; postscarcity could disproportionately benefit the poor. So there are two separate questions: who benefits from the technology’s productive abundance, and who captures control over it. The first answer could be nearly everyone. The second, absent deliberate institutional design and diffusion of power, is likely to be a small number of corporations and states. And in the catastrophic branch, of course, nobody benefits—a distributional policy with admirably low administrative complexity.

Sumber

Artikel, wawancara, dan tulisan yang digunakan sebagai landasan bagi pengguna simulasi ini.

My AI Opinions

His current first-person synthesis: AGI means ability to do 90% of knowledge jobs; median 2034, with uncertain research acceleration and diffusion. Reaffirms rounded 20% P(doom), with no fixed calendar deadline; broader permanent curtailment is separate. Supports both alignment research and negotiated slowing. Expects enormous postscarcity upside, but warns about dictatorship and human disempowerment.

astralcodexten.com
God Help Us, Let’s Try To Learn About Mechanistic Interpretability Techniques

Explains interpretability techniques and their limitations, including probes, sparse autoencoders, and activation verbalizers. Optimistic about useful practical investigation but rejects treating a detected feature or probe as a complete understanding or guaranteed safety solution.

astralcodexten.com
Open Questions On Open Weights

Explicitly neutral about banning open weights now: values user ownership and freedom from corporate control, while expecting serious misuse difficulties. Prefers saving political capital for threats where warning shots may arrive too late. Distinguishes reactive policy opportunities for misuse from strategically concealed takeover.

astralcodexten.com
AI Chip Regulation Is Not A Dystopian Surveillance State

Defends negotiated chip regulation and verifiable training limits against blanket claims of dystopia. Acknowledges real freedom costs, including future restrictions on new open-weight training, and risks that governments implement centralizing provisions without countervailing diffusion of power.

astralcodexten.com
Introducing Plan A

Introduces a proposed route to manage AI development while distributing power; criticizes vague calls merely to regulate more or less without specifying a desirable end state. Used as his attributed introduction and advocacy, not evidence that the scenario will occur.

astralcodexten.com
The AI Superforecasters Are Here

Argues cheaper capable forecasting could improve institutional and personal decisions, yet worries people will ignore advice. Treats forecasting beyond human performance as a useful prospective test of the normal-technology view. Distinguishes anecdotes and startup claims from head-to-head competitions; admits resisting forecasts that challenge his own pause hopes.

astralcodexten.com
New Paradigms Won’t Save You

Rejects the inference that requiring a new AI paradigm implies a safely distant AGI timeline. Argues paradigm changes can arrive soon and inherit existing compute infrastructure; wants explicit bottleneck arguments rather than reassurance by terminology.

astralcodexten.com
The Sigmoids Won’t Save You

Agrees growth cannot stay exponential forever but disputes placing the bend conveniently before dangerous capability. Demands a causal bottleneck model or a defensible forecasting prior instead of the slogan that all exponentials eventually flatten.

astralcodexten.com
Every Debate On Pausing AI

Satirical dialogue defends discussion of transparent, enforceable bilateral US-China slowing. Separates training limits from stopping existing inference, and legitimate negotiation or enforcement objections from falsely describing every pause proposal as unilateral.

astralcodexten.com
Shameless Guesses, Not Hallucinations

Frames confident false answers as reward-shaped guessing rather than proof that AI cannot think. Treats the gap between trained reward and useful honest advice as an alignment issue; analogous human failures undermine easy dismissal of AI competence.

astralcodexten.com
Next-Token Predictor Is An AI’s Job, Not Its Species

Separates training objectives from the representations and algorithms they produce, using evolution and human learning analogies. Argues next-token prediction does not itself establish that a system lacks reasoning or world models.

astralcodexten.com
Introducing AI 2027

Identifies his part-time writing/publicity contribution and explicitly says the very fast scenario is not his median. Important provenance for his connection to AI Futures Project; use June 2026 personal forecasts instead of importing Daniel Kokotajlo’s timeline or scenario catastrophe probability.

astralcodexten.com
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